When did confucius die

Confucius quotes
Confucius' philosophy
Confucianism

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Confucius

The Chou Dynasty had ruled for more than 500 years and they were in decline. Feudal lords now ruled most of China, and the state of Lu was controlled by three families or clans. The rulers were now just figureheads. It was during this time that a new class of people emerged in China called the shih, or minor aristocrats. These people were largely clerks, mercenaries, advisers, and other minor administrators. Confucius's teachings were directed at this class of people, and his teachings prepared them to become officeholders. It was from this class that Confucius would emerge as China's first philosopher. It didn't take long before several of his students gained jobs working as administrators for the Lu. Before this time, only nobles had received an education.

No known writings by Confucius have survived. However, after his death his disciples assembled a collection of his works in what is known as the Analects. Twenty-two disciples are mentioned in his book the Analects. The most famous of these was Yen Hui. Although Yen never gained a government office he remained

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May 8, 2021 © Ulrich Theobald

Confucius (latinized from Chinese Kongzi 孔子 or Kongfuzi 孔夫子 "Master Kong", 551-479 BCE), Chinese name Kong Qiu 孔丘, courtesy name Zhongni 中尼, was the most important Chinese philosopher. He is traditionally seen as the father of the philosophical school of Confucianism (rujiao 儒教), although the tradition of the experts on rituals (ru 儒) - sometimes rendered in English as "ruists" is much older than Confucius himself. His teachings were elevated to a state doctrine during the Former Han period 前漢 (206 BCE-8 CE). Confucianism was reinterpreted by adopting concepts of cosmology during the Song period 宋 (960-1279). In this shape it is known in the West as Neo-Confucianism (the most important Chinese terms for "Neo-Confucianism" are lixue 理學 or daoxue 道學). During the 20th century, Confucianism was, especially among academicians, made liable for China's backwardness. Only with the discarding of socialist ideology in the late 1990s, Confucianism again became prominent as a unifying force of Chinese culture.

The term ru 儒

There were "Confucian

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Confucius, also known as Kongzi, was a prominent philosopher, thinker, and educator in ancient China. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period, around 551-479 BC, in the state of Lu, which is present-day Qufu City in Shandong Province. Confucius founded the influential Confucian school of thought and made profound contributions to Chinese and global intellectual, cultural, and educational development.

At the core of Confucius’ philosophy, rooted in Confucianism, lies a strong emphasis on moral ethics, interpersonal relationships, and social order. He believed that harmony and stability could be achieved by individuals cultivating their character, establishing harmonious families, governing with virtue, and achieving peace in the world. Key values advocated by Confucius include benevolence, ritual propriety, and loyalty.

Confucius employed a teaching methodology that valued students’ independent learning and practical application. He encouraged lifelong learning, self-reflection, and continuous improvement, famously stating, “Isn’t it a pleasure to stu