Why did fascism appeal to italians

Italian futurist
Futurist political party
Fasces of revolutionary action

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The Buried Harbour: Selected Poems of Giuseppe Ungaretti

Born in Egypt of Tuscan parents, Ungaretti went to Paris in 1912 to complete his education, attending the lectures of Henri Bergson and forming friendships with distinguished members of the avant-garde, including Picasso, Modigliani, and Apollinaire. For a time he was swept up by the futurist movement of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, affected more by its nationalistic spirit, however, than by the new poetics. A lover of the written word, Ungaretti's aim in poetry was to find a new language that was simple, precise, melodious, and compelling. His World War I experiences in the Italian army inspired his earliest poetry, first in Italian, Il porto sepolto (1916), and then in French, La guerre (1919). A 1923 edition of the former included a preface by Benito Mussolini. In 1936 Ungaretti left Italy to teach Italian literature in Brazil, out of which grew his subsequently published critical essays on Dante, Petrarch (see also Vol. 4), Vico, and Leopardi, but he returned to Italy in 1942. After Italy's defeat in the war, he r

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Giuseppe Ungaretti

Italian poet and writer (1888–1970)

Giuseppe Ungaretti (Italian:[dʒuˈzɛppeuŋɡaˈretti]; 8 February 1888 – 2 June 1970) was an Italian modernist poet, journalist, essayist, critic, academic, and recipient of the inaugural 1970 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. A leading representative of the experimental trend known as Ermetismo ("Hermeticism"), he was one of the most prominent contributors to 20th-century Italian literature. Influenced by symbolism, he was briefly aligned with futurism. Like many futurists, he took an irredentist position during World War I. Ungaretti debuted as a poet while fighting in the trenches, publishing one of his best-known pieces, L'allegria ("The Joy").

During the interwar period, Ungaretti worked as a journalist with Benito Mussolini (whom he met during his socialist accession),^[1] as well as a foreign-based correspondent for Il Popolo d'Italia and Gazzetta del Popolo. While briefly associated with the Dadaists, he developed Hermeticism as a personal take on poetry. After spending several y

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Giuseppe Ungaretti

La Spezia, Stamperia Apuana di Ettore Serra, 1923.

First edition.

A story of the edition

Though it bears the same title as Ungaretti’s first book (published in 1916), there are so many variants in the text and so many unpublished poems that this cannot be considered a second edition: it is at least a first edition thus – if not a true first edition in its own right.

The printer and poet Ettore Serra had fought by Ungaretti’s side in the trenches and published his poems in the extraordinarily rare book Il porto sepolto (“The sunken harbour”, 1916), one of the most important Italian poetry collections of the Twentieth century whose print run consisted of a meagre 80 copies. Having remained friends, Serra decided to print a deluxe edition of Ungaretti’s verse: modified to varying degrees, 30 of the 33 poems published in The sunken harbour and 26 from Allegria di naufragi (“Joy of shipwrecks”, 1919) appear in the book along with a few unpublished poems. The previously published poems differ so